BionX 101

Hello. Sorry it's been such a long time since you've heard from me but I'm here now. This week Dr. Zhixiu Han, who is an engineer at BionX and is working with the lab testing a winding filament hypothesis based controller for a robotic prosthesis, flew in from Massachusetts and gave a talk to engineer students at NAU. I went to the talk because it was the perfect way to get an introduction to what the company has done in the past, what they are working on right now and what they hope to accomplish in the future. Also, I am in the process of getting onto the protocol so hopefully I will begin work in the lab soon.

The company was founded in 2006 by Hugh Herr, the head of Biomechatronics research group at the MIT Media Lab. Dr. Herr had to get both of his leg's amputated below the knees after a suffering severe frostbite caused by a rock climbing trip in New Hampshire. About 50 people work for BionX in Massachusetts. The commercial release date for the prosthesis, which is made of carbon fiber material, was early 2011 and 1,000 ankles have been sold and distributed since then. The device costs roughly $45,000. 

Now, let's talk about what role the body plays in all this. The human ankle acts as a spring by exerting and releasing energy and force into the foot. The goal of the prosthesis is to generate the same amount of ankle torque that is given off by a human ankle during the gait cycle. The gait cycle is the sequence of events that occur during normal walking. The BiOM system focuses on Biometric Propulsion which consists of two parts: stiffness modulation and net-positive power assist. Stiffness modulation is resistance to foot flat and net-positive power assist is power assist with toe or heel off. There is a picture explaining the different stages of the gait cycle to make this easier to understand. The BiOM replaces the human tendon and muscle unit. The BiOM prosthetic runs on a battery. In a day an average person can go through 1-3 batteries depending on how active the person is. This particular prosthetic reduces wear and tear of the hip and knee muscles and joints that would normally experiences a lot of force with a passive ankle. Passive ankles are ankle prostheses that aren't operated with a motor. Typically, a person with a lower-limb amputation and a passive ankle would have to get knee and/or hip replacement surgery 5-7 years after receiving the passive ankle. Using the BiOM, persons with lower-limb amputations would need surgery about 10-15 years after receiving the Bionic ankle prostheses. The BiOM uses a high-energy series elastic actuator which allows to the motor to give off more power by pre-charging the spring in the ankle to provide the proper energy required to make walking seem as natural as possible. It also uses 6 Degrees of Freedom Inertial Sensing to provide for real time terrain discrimination. 

The Gait Cycle

In the future the company hopes to develop a Mechanical User Interface which will discover different ways to attach the prostheses to the human body. They also hope to develop an Electronic User Interface which will address how the prostheses will distinguish how the device will know how to use nerve signals in order to control the muscle ankle. Another goal is to develop User Intent Control which will hopefully allow a person using the BiOM to perform activities other than walking and running like swimming. 

Dr. Hugh Herr's TED Talk on the BiOM:
https://www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr_the_new_bionics_that_let_us_run_climb_and_dance

Until next time,
Krishna Patel

Welcome!

Dear Readers,

Welcome to the wonderful world of prostheses. My name is Krishna Patel and I am a senior at Basis Flagstaff. For my senior research project, I will be working with Dr. Nishikawa at NAU. Have you ever wondered what it takes to power a powered foot-prosthesis? Or maybe you didn’t know it needed power at all. Well I will get those answers to you during my project.

During my internship at NAU I will evaluate a powered ankle-foot prosthesis that allows a user to move over variable terrain. Dr. Kiisa Nishikawa’s lab received a new prosthetic to study around early November. Her laboratory has developed new software for this device that should improve walking gait. The question is: Does this new software allow a user to move over variable terrain (stair,uneven terrain,ramps) as if it as intact limb?

I plan on conducting research in a lab which aims to make walking with prosthetics easier and more comfortable. I will work with the lab team and aid in the collection of data and will help the team analyze the information that has been collected. The lab collects data from subjects with lower-limb amputations and analyzes the torques given off by the various muscles in the ankle in order to walk comfortably, with a prosthetic, on various terrains at various speeds. Since this process can been rather tedious, the lab team meets once a week to discuss data that has been gathered throughout the past week and discusses the data with Dr. Nishikawa and Dr. Tester, another NAU professor who is working with the lab. Dr Nishikawa and Dr. Tester will advise the group in any ways that can make the results more accurate and give them ideas that can make the process more efficient. My role is to attend these weekly meetings so that I can catch up on the things that I have missed, as I can’t always be with the lab when new data is collected, and to aid the different lab members in whatever they may be working on that week.

I look forward to learning more about physiology and how these magnificent devices operate. Stay tuned, for there is exciting new information coming soon. :)

Until next time,

Krishna Patel